Significance of the Court Case of Gideon v. Wainwright

Hugeness of the Court Case of Gideon v. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright was contended on January 15, 1963 and settled on March 18, 1963. Realities of Gideon v. Wainwright Clarence Earl Gideon was blamed for taking from the Bay Harbor Pool Room in Panama City, Florida on June 3, 1961. At the point when he requested a court delegated counsel, he was denied this on the grounds that as indicated by Florida law, court designated counsel was just given on account of a capital offense. He spoke to himself, was seen as liable, and was sent to jail for a long time. Quick Facts: Gideon v. Wainwright Case Argued: Jan. 15, 1963Decision Issued: March 18, 1963Petitioner: Clarence Earl GideonRespondent: Louie L. Wainwright, Director, Division of CorrectionsKey Question: Does the Sixth Amendments option to advise in criminal cases stretch out to lawful offense litigants in state courts?Majority Decision: Justices Black, Warren, Brennan, Stewart, White, Goldberg, Clark, Harlan, DouglasDissenting: NoneRuling: The Supreme Court decided that under the Sixth Amendment, states mustâ provide a lawyer to any respondents in criminal cases who can't bear the cost of their own lawyers. While in jail, Gideon concentrated in the library and arranged a manually written Writ of Certiorari that he sent to the United States Supreme Court asserting that he had been denied his Sixth Amendment right to a lawyer: In every single criminal arraignment, the denounced will appreciate the privilege to a rapid and open preliminary, by an unprejudiced jury of the State and locale wherein the wrongdoing will have been carried out, which region will have been recently found out by law, and to be educated regarding the nature and reason for the allegation; to be faced with the observers against him; to have necessary procedure for acquiring observers in support of himself, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his barrier. (Italics Added) The Supreme Court drove by Chief Justice Earl Warren consented to hear the case. They relegated Gideon a future Supreme Court equity, Abe Fortas, to be his lawyer. Fortas was a conspicuous Washington DC lawyer. He effectively contended Gideons case, and the Supreme Court collectively administered in Gideons favor. It sent his case back to Florida to be retried with benefitâ of an open lawyer. Five months after the Supreme Court administering, Gideon was retried. During the retrial, his lawyer, W. Fred Turner, had the option to show that the central observer against Gideon was potentially one of the posts for the theft itself. After just a single hours consideration, the jury saw Gideon not as liable. This noteworthy decision was deified in 1980 when Henry Fonda assumed the job of Clarence Earl Gideon in the film Gideons Trumpet. Abe Fortas was depicted by Josã © Ferrer and Chief Justice Earl Warren was played by John Houseman. Importance of Gideon v. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright overruled the past choice of Betts v. Brady (1942). For this situation, Smith Betts, a ranch specialist in Maryland had requested guidance to speak to him for a burglary case. Similarly as with Gideon, this privilege was denied him in light of the fact that the province of Maryland would not give lawyers aside from in capital case. The Supreme Court chose by a 6-3 choice that a privilege to a delegated counsel was not required in all cases all together for a person to get a reasonable preliminary and fair treatment in state preliminaries. It was essentially surrendered over to each state to choose when it would give open direction. Equity Hugo Black contradicted and composed the sentiment that in the event that you were poverty stricken you had an expanded possibility of conviction. In Gideon, the court expressed that the privilege to a lawyer was a key right ​for a reasonable preliminary. They expressed that because of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, all states would be required to give counsel in criminal cases. This critical case made the requirement for extra open safeguards. Projects were created in states around the nation to help enlist and train open protectors. Today, the quantity of cases safeguarded by open protectors is colossal. For instance, in 2011 in Miami Dade County, the biggest of the 20 Florida Circuit Courts, roughly 100,000 cases were doled out to Public Defenders.

Cognitive Dissonance, Media Illiteracy and Public Opinion Essay

Theme †The article ‘Cognitive Dissonance, Media Illiteracy and Public Opinion on News Media’ is analyzing and talking about general sentiment, media lack of education and psychological cacophony. The creator enjoys you through a reprieve down on general assessment of papers and TV news and shows why a great deal of the quantitative research assumed control in the course of recent decades is in reality invalid. The principle motivation behind this article is to look into paper and TV news, and explore the reasons why one source is more tenable and dependable than the other. He likewise talks about the decrease in the crowds of both. Setting †Numerous different researchers have refered to Claussen regarding why he accepts individuals pick TV news over paper is on the grounds that ‘it is human instinct to need a name and a face and a voice with communication’ (Claussen, 2006). It addresses the inquiries raised by different papers with respect to the respectability of TV news and why individuals decide to watch the news as amusement as opposed to perusing papers for the realities, which additionally shows the distinctions in general sentiment over the a very long while in which the data is accumulated. It follows in with fields of study, for example, news coverage, media studies and mass correspondence as it separates how these sorts of correspondence are compelling to people in general. It entwines with brain science, open humanism and social investigations as the article looks at the idea example and thinking regarding how individuals pick their favored style of news utilization. Structure †This examination article is created from the discoveries of quantitative research directed by the U.S. paper industry, American Society of Newspaper Editors and most as of late The Ford Foundation. The article itself has two conventional headings to separate what is being examined and where the data was removed: 1) Studies and Surveys About Newspapers Versus Television, and 2) Reasons Why The U.S. Open Gave Television News A Free Pass. The areas of this article are very clear. It begins with the presentation, which gives a broad outline of what is being talked about, whom this subject is influencing and the reasons why this data was accumulated. It at that point moves Claussen’s principle contention under the heading; Studies and Surveys About Newspapers Versus Televisions. In this area you discover the proof to help the author’s guarantees about the contrast among papers and TV news and the public’s assessment on this issue. The article at that point proceeds onward to the subsequent heading, Reasons Why the U.S. Open Gave Television News a Free Pass, which itself is a striking explanation of the author’s perspective. Consistently referencing Newhagen and Nass’ article ‘Differential Criteria for Evaluating Credibility of Newspapers and TV News’ (Newhagen and Nass, 1989), which shares Claussen’s see, this segment likewise fills in as an end. This segment closes with the conclusion that the motivation behind why individuals pick TV news over papers is expected to the public’s absence of education of the media. The creator can convey his contemplations and thoughts plainly without the utilization of charts, tables or visual guides. He utilizes abundant raw numbers to help his contention, in a reasonable and all around organized article. By and large, the structure of this piece has been anything but difficult to follow, easy to peruse and extremely instructive. Style †This is an instructive yet powerful piece; Claussen utilizes research to convince the crowd of his feeling on news utilization by the general population. He is keeping in touch with a general crowd, any individual who is keen on finding out about this point will see it as a fascinating piece to peruse. The language is basic and nonpartisan, and is clear and straightforward with negligible utilization of language and troublesome words. The article is formal, and he doesn't utilize distinct language or endeavor to picture the current point, keeping his clout regarding the matter. Contention †The popular assessment with respect to news media, the contrasts among papers and TV news, the thinking behind why the quantitative research on this point is invalid and the progressions made in this industry in the course of recent decades are for the most part portions of the current contention. The creator is attempting to persuade his crowd that individuals will offer a response on this point is regarded more socially adequate as opposed to the genuine truth with regards to the manner in which they get their news. He is additionally persuading the crowd that papers have much more substance and perspectives than the straightforward ones communicated on TV. The creator accepts absence of instruction on media education is the most significant factor and that ‘the substance of the TV news has become so poor that numerous purchasers can no longer deny that papers are more excellent news media than TV news broadcasts’ (Claussen, 2006). The writer makes barely any suppositions all through the article; one being that ‘the paper industry and the individuals who have confidence in a significant, even extraordinary, job for papers are worried about the drawn out eventual fate of the industry’ (Claussen p212) as there is no proof to help the extent of these cases. Proof †The creator has accumulated instances of assessments by researchers and experts in the mass correspondence industry, just as assembled insights from quantitative research performed by associations and partnerships to back up lion's share of his cases. Most of the sources refered to in this article are optional sources, anyway I have discovered one contextual investigation from readership.org refered to by Claussen. This contextual analysis takes a gander at the sort of news individuals need to peruse, and rankings of significance among kinds of paper perusers, anyway the entirety of the other unique research refered to in this article is not, at this point accessible by means of the web to legitimize the sources. Assessment †Claussen remembered data from comparative articles to step for ends and back up his cases on this theme, specifically, the article ‘Differential Criteria for Evaluating Credibility of Newspapers and TV News’ (Newhagen and Nass, 1989) this is a friend seen diary article which has been refered to more than multiple times. Corresponding to this article reaching on the determination that ‘newspapers will consistently be off guard comparative with TV in studies of open perspectives on account of the detachment in reality among perusers and the individuals who produce newspapers’ some would state since the article was written in 1989 this paper would profit by later discoveries on this subject as now this may have changed because of the moment input they would now be able to get by means of online studies. This has been incorporated to help the cases that it is more enthusiastically to deliver paper news than TV news, anyway seeing this article this would be the primary determination you would make from this proof. Another model would be ‘The Public’s Use and Perception of Newspapers’ (Bogart, 1984). This is another diary article, which thinks about paper content and the substance of TV news. The manner in which the measurements are depicted in this article contrasted with the first source fortifies the contention by changing the wording to make the contention progressively enticing for instance ‘only 53% said TV alone was not sufficient’ (Claussen, 2006) contrasted with the first article that Claussen used to pick up his proof which expressed ‘53 percent, state they don't get enough news from TV and need the additional subtleties from the papers on the enormous stories’ (Bogart, 1984). One significant explanation which has not been talked about in this article, is that greater part of individuals in the US have a TV in their home, which has free access to the nearby channels, thusly sitting in front of the TV news is progressively available. This article has been to some degree helpful in looking at the contrasts among paper and TV news since the beginning anyway not having any ongoing proof or suppositions has debilitated the cases as there is no proof allowed from the decade preceding composing this piece with respect to the development of media, including sites, advanced mobile phones, web based life, and other correspondence sources. End †Experiencing the proof and sentiments that Claussen has refered to help his cases and in the wake of analyising the article all the more profoundly, it would be discovered that his contention that paper content is significantly more grounded than TV news, isn't really right, taking into account that TV news is a lot simpler to acquire. Individuals lean toward a progressively close to home method of survey their news and these days individuals need as much data as possible get in the snappiest manner conceivable creation TV news generally well known. With the new advances accessible in these ongoing occasions would these cases made in regards to where individuals gain their report from still be applicable to the conversation on the papers long haul future? References †Bogart, Leo 1984, ‘The Public’s Use and Perception of Newspapers’ The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 709 †719. Recovered January 11, 2012 from JSTOR Database by means of Griffith University. Juric, Pavica 2006 ‘Mass Media Usage during a Natural Disaster: LSU College Students and Hurricane Katrina’, Masters proposal, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. Newhagen, John and Nass, Clifford 1989, ‘Differential Criteria for Evaluating Credibility of Newspapers and TV News’, Journalism Quarterly, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 277-281,284. Recovered January 9, 2013 from ProQuest Database by means of Griffith University.

Spring 2010 Transfer Decisions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Spring 2010 Transfer Decisions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Spring 2010 Transfer Decisions Just a quick heads-up to any and all transfer students who applied for Spring 2010. We have started reviewing these files, and as of 7/22, we have begun to send out decisions. Unlike freshman decisions, where there are three specific dates where we send out decisions, transfer decisions go out on a rolling basis and each file takes a great deal of time to review. I expect that we will continue to send out decisions through the end of September, as the deadline is 9/15. And please remember that it is up to you, the student, to make sure your file is complete. Make sure you have sent in updated transcripts with all your work (if you sent a transcript to UGA in January, you need to send another one if you have spring work), and make sure you send in transcripts from all colleges (even if it was dual enrollment in high school or a summer transient class).

Spring 2010 Transfer Decisions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Spring 2010 Transfer Decisions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Spring 2010 Transfer Decisions Just a quick heads-up to any and all transfer students who applied for Spring 2010. We have started reviewing these files, and as of 7/22, we have begun to send out decisions. Unlike freshman decisions, where there are three specific dates where we send out decisions, transfer decisions go out on a rolling basis and each file takes a great deal of time to review. I expect that we will continue to send out decisions through the end of September, as the deadline is 9/15. And please remember that it is up to you, the student, to make sure your file is complete. Make sure you have sent in updated transcripts with all your work (if you sent a transcript to UGA in January, you need to send another one if you have spring work), and make sure you send in transcripts from all colleges (even if it was dual enrollment in high school or a summer transient class).

George Washington Flaws and All Essay example - 2098 Words

There are many individuals in American History, whom we as Americans regard for their courage and audacity in shaping our nation. We learn in our history classes the great accomplishments of our founding fathers such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Ben Franklin. One other great founding father and our First President, George Washington was one whom we learned much about. We learn in school that he is as a prime example of leadership, citizenship, and overall individual achievement for his many contributions to our nation’s earliest struggles. But although we are taught that George Washington was this man of great disposition, no man is without his flaws. Many scholars have sought to enlighten individuals to these cracks in the Nation’s†¦show more content†¦At the age of 23 years old Washington would become commander of the Virginia Regiment, ( Ellis, Joseph J, His Excellency, 24) although his men both more experienced and senior sought after him as their le ader. His character and patriotism led directly to his selection as Commander-in-chief of the Revolutionary Army. As commander-in-chief George led his army to a number of very important victories to include the capture of Boston with few defeats such as the trouncing of New York City. George lost many battles, with only one surrender, he continuously and persistently fought the British with unrelenting tactics he conspired the general strategy of the war. He oversaw the training and the organization of the army. Being unanimously elected upon Washington began his first term as President in 1789. He went on to serve for a second term ending his presidency in 1796. All that being said George Washington sounds like a stand up guy and that is why many Americans consider him to be a hero, but there are limits to the stories that are told. During the early times in American society, it was not uncommon or taboo for individuals to have slaves. Many wealthy whites have slaves in their hous ehold. Even some of our founding fathers had slaves. Thomas Jefferson is one such politician who is known for the number of slaves he had as well the illegitimate children he produced with some of theseShow MoreRelated George Washington-Founding Father? Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pages George Washington became President in 1789 and since then has been regarded as America’s â€Å"Founding Father†(10). This grand and hero-like status is said to have â€Å"began gravitating to Washington six months before the Declaration of Independence, when one Levi Allen addressed him in a letter as ‘our political Father.’†(10). The preservation of Washington’s role as a national hero has been allowed by authors and the media omitting his many flaws as if they had either been forgotten or were no longerRead MoreExplain The Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Articles Of Confederation857 Words   |  4 PagesThe articles of confederation were the first agreement and first constitution of the United States. 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John and Abigail got married and had five children; one of them was Jo hn Quincy Adams, which would later become president. John Adams was the first vice president for George Washington, and he was his successor, becoming president from 1797 to 1801. He ran for a second term, but he lost to Thomas Jefferson. While John Adams was president, plenty of events occurred. The XYZ affair was one of the events that happened while he

Philip The Fortunate Was A Very Good French King - 1011 Words

Philip VI the Fortunate Andrew Miller 10th History 12 - 27 - 16 Introduction I think Philip the Fortunate was a very good French King. He was known for being the first French king of the Valois dynasty. His reign saw the beginning of the Hundred Years War and the arrival of the Black Death. Body In May of 1328, Philip of Valois became King Philip VI of France. In August of that year, the count of Flanders appealed to Philip for help in putting down a revolt. The king responded by sending his knights to slaughter thousands at the Battle of Cassel. Not long after that, Robert of Artois, who had helped Philip get the crown, claimed the countship of Artois; but a royal candidate did so, as well. Philip instituted judicial proceedings against Robert, turning his one-time supporter into a bitter enemy. It wasn t until 1334 that trouble began with England. 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Pest Analysis of the Fast Food Industry Essay - 770 Words

Pest Analysis Fast Food Retail Sector Introduction Political Factors McDonald’s food safety is of a very high-quality and is recognised as one of the best in the fast food retail sector. One of their main successes has been their training programme. They 1 train all of their staff before they begin work in one of their restaurants on all aspects of food quality, food safety and hygiene. This training, along with being made aware of the importance of cleanliness, continues throughout their employment. Another of their regulations they impose is in the food handling areas were staff must wear special aprons and hats to maintain hygiene, and also have to abide a strict washing procedure which is monitored on a day-to-day basis. Due to†¦show more content†¦4 Technological Factors Smaller businesses tend to rely on technology that saves them time as energy saving equipment usually costs a lot of money. 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The Impact of Brand Equity on Consumer’s Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Brand Equity on Consumers Behaviour. Answer: Project Context Marketing plays a vital role in examining the process of business in todays world. It is quite impossible to overstate the importance of marketing in the field that would be efficient enough in generating higher productivity of the organizations. Marketing sector is that process of management that deals with responsible identification, anticipation ad satisfaction of the consumers requirements prevailing in the economy (Ekpo, et al., 2015). Marketing aims at meeting the needs and wants of the customers that would benefit the firm. Marketing oriented companies arrange their products and the services of business in accordance with the needs and wants of the customers (Hair Jr Lukas, 2014). This provides them with the initiative to fulfil their profit aspects along with the fulfilment of customers wants and needs. Being a marketing manager for a firm, it is quite important for me to frame a successful framework that would help in marketing the products associated with the firm. Marketing manager deals with the activities associated with the marketing department of the firm (Morgan Piercy, 2015). They must develop the marketing strategies or the company in line with the company objectives. They must coordinate marketing campaigns with the sales executives of the firms. There has been a considerable rise in the rate of marketing managers for the firm, which might lead to a 9% rise in the demand for such managers between the years 2014-2024. It is one of the fastest developing occupations (Knapp, Vangelisti Caughlin, 2014). Efficient marketing criteria contain some aspects that must be capable in satisfying the wants of the consumers, adhere to their problems, promote the product, and create the ability of delivering value proposition or promise to the consumers. Analysing my professionalism in the field of marketing would consist of systematic flow of processes that would include understanding the market, framing the marketing strategy, analysing the marketing programs and implementing the plan (Babin Zikmund, 2015). My analysis about my future perspectives would be accustomed to the concept of promoting the goods thereby focussing on the advantages and uses of the product that is to be marketed. The current situation of the market must be quite well versed, that would help me in structuring the future plan with respect to the marketing strategies to be framed. The strategies should be efficient enough in generating the demand accustomed to the product (Massey, 2014). Marketing the products of a particular firm is quite different with the sales promotional activities, the major motive of sales promotion is just to bear huge sales profits of the firm, whereas marketing helps in raising the demand of the product and raising the sales revenue along with their focus towards consumer satisfaction. My future professionalism in marketing would focus in targeting the market, the customer needs and the integrated marketing objectives acknowledged. This would provide me with the incentive to act in a prope r manner that would be quite appropriate in fulfilling the objectives of my role. Project Proposal: Working Title of the Project The impact of brand equity on consumers behaviour: a thematic analysis of apple Background and Definition of the Problem Brand equity is derived from the consumers perception of the brand name of a particular product or service, rather than from the product itself. The aspect of brand is considered as more meaningful than just maintaining the focus on the products (Aaker Biel, 2013). The dimensions of the product would be able to describe the attributes of the product itself that could be easily imitated by the competitors. Yet, brand is considered as one of the most important aspect that would be explained by the emotions and relationships of the firm with the consumers. It is quite important for the firm to develop the brand equity of the firm in order to raise the brand loyalty aspects among the consumers. It would positively affect the demand of the products of the firm along with the increase in their profit margin. Justification of the problem Apple is one of the most developed companies that operate its business globally. Apple deals in the production of electronic devices among various other rival competitors. The products that are provided by the firm are of high quality and maintain an average costly product in the market. Being in a competitive world, the demand value for the product must be well attained due to the tough competitor faced from the competitors. The organization must be efficient enough to generate certain beneficial aspects that could be effective enough to generate the brand equity among the customers of the firm (Vomberg, Homburg Bornemann, 2015). A firm like Apple, who sells high standardised and modernized products, must aim at improving their practices to develop the brand equity among the consumers. It would help in increasing the brand loyalty of the consumers and thereby help in generating high demand towards the product. Projects Proposed Aim The aim of this research paper is to analyse the importance of brand equity and how apples brand equity creates impact on the consumers buying behaviour. Objective The objectives of the research paper could be stated as follows: Attain the brand strategies followed by apple in order to create brand equity among the consumers Attain the information of how consumers behaviour is related to the brand image of apple Research Questions The research questions that must be adhered in this research paper would be : What are the brand strategies followed by apple in order to create brand equity among the consumers? How is consumer behaviour related to the brand image of apple? Critical Literature Review Brand equity deals with the information regarding the brand from a receivers perspective or how the consumer would absorb the marketing message of the firm (Davcik, Vinhas da Silva Hair, 2015). Certain outcomes that would adhere to the product with a brand name if compared with the outcomes of the demand of the product without a brand name would be the best definition for defining brand equity. Brand equity is the commercial value that has been perceived from the consumers through their perception towards the product (Washburn, et al., 2015). Three primary levels are adhered to brand equity. These three activities are customer market, product market and financial market. These are activities and responses during the formation of a brand. The response of the consumer could be analysed with their willingness to pay for the product. If there has been a raise in their willingness to pay for the product, hence, it helps in initiating consumer behaviour towards the product (Huang Sarigll, 2014). This process is beneficial in adding value to the products of the firms raising their goodwill and market capitalization. Brand equity is concerned with the m9dnset of the customers, which would generate the customer market, whereas the sales generates the product market and value senses the financial market. The process aids in understanding the formation of brand equity and its complexity (Fatma, Rahman Khan, 2015). The mindset of the consumers is one of the most complex part of brand equity that consists of brand awareness and bran d image. Brand awareness deals with the memory of the consumer in being able to recognize the product whereas, brand image deals with the perception of the brand based on associations (Erdem Swait, 2016). Brand equity is considered as an important aspect of three product of the firm that would be beneficial enough in analysing the future projections to be undertaken by the firm. It helps in addressing to certain strategies and policies that would be appropriate in generating demand for the product and maintaining the brand loyalty. This would thereby help in promoting the product and increase the sales and revenue of the firm. Brand equity is one of the most crucial aspects to be undertaken by the marketing section of the firm (Aaker Biel, 2013). So far, the peer reviewed journals and research conducted has been dealing with the advantages of brand equity, brand loyalty, quality and various other aspects together improving the demand rate for the product (Huang Sarigll, 2014). None of the papers have researched on the individuality of brand equity in attaining growth for the demand of the products sold. This paper would conduct such research to fill the gap. Overview of the Research The research paper would consist of five aspects introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis, conclusion and summary. The introduction part of the paper would consist of the background of the issues, justification, aims, objectives and research questions. It would be followed by the literature review that would help in addressing the theories on brand equity. Research methodology would analyse the method in which the research would be conducted. It would be a secondary research. In order to address the research framework would be the financial report of the firm that would consists of the sales, revenue and profit earned by the firm in the span of 5 years ("Apple - Annual Report", 2017). Approaches for the research From the resourced data, data analysis would be conducted that would show how brand equity of the firm is affecting the revenue of the company (Buil, De Chernatony Martnez, 2013). Finally, conclusion and findings of the research paper would be provided. Gantt Chart Main activities 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week 5th week 6th week Topic Selection Data collection from secondary sources Framing layout of the research Literature review Formation of the research Plan Selection of the Appropriate Research Techniques Primary data collection Analysis Interpretation of Data Collection Conclusion of the Study Formation of Rough Draft Submission of Final Work Table 1: Gant chart (Source: As created by author) Reference Aaker, D. A., Biel, A. (2013).Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Apple - Annual Report. (2017). Investor.apple.com. Retrieved 30 March 2017, from https://investor.apple.com/secfiling.cfm?filingid=1193125-15-356351 Babin, B. J., Zikmund, W. G. (2015).Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Buil, I., De Chernatony, L., Martnez, E. (2013). Examining the role of advertising and sales promotions in brand equity creation.Journal of Business Research,66(1), 115-122. Davcik, N. S., Vinhas da Silva, R., Hair, J. F. (2015). Towards a unified theory of brand equity: conceptualizations, taxonomy and avenues for future research.Journal of Product Brand Management,24(1), 3-17. Ekpo, A. E., Riley, B. K., Thomas, K. D., Yvaire, Z., Gerri, G. R. H., Muoz, I. I. (2015). As worlds collide: The role of marketing management in customer-to-customer interactions.Journal of Business Research,68(1), 119-126. Erdem, T., Swait, J. (2016). The Information-Economics Perspective on Brand Equity.Foundations and Trends in Marketing,10(1), 1-59. Fatma, M., Rahman, Z., Khan, I. (2015). Building company reputation and brand equity through CSR: the mediating role of trust.International Journal of Bank Marketing,33(6), 840-856. Hair Jr, J. F., Lukas, B. (2014).Marketing research. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Knapp, M. L., Vangelisti, A. L., Caughlin, J. P. (2014).Interpersonal Communication Human Relationships. Pearson Higher Ed. Massey, G. R. (2014, December). The Role of Coercive and Non-coercive Influence Tactics in Sales Manager/Marketing Manager Working Relationships. In2014 ANZMAC Conference. ANZMAC. Morgan, R., Piercy, N. (2015). Role Uncertainty and Marketing Performance in Service Firms. InProceedings of the 1993 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 670-674). Springer International Publishing. Vomberg, A., Homburg, C., Bornemann, T. (2015). Talented people and strong brands: The contribution of human capital and brand equity to firm value.Strategic Management Journal,36(13), 2122-2131. Washburn, J. H., Till, B. D., Priluck, R., Boughton, P. D. (2015). The Effect of Co-Branding on the Brand Equity of Constituent and Composite Brands Before and After Trial. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 394-394). Springer International Publishing.

Blood Pressure Measurements free essay sample

Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. Blood pressure is summarized in by two measurements, systolic and diastolic, which depend on whether the heart is muscle is contracting (systole) or relaxed between beats (diastole). Normal blood pressure at rest is within the range of 100-140mmHg systolic (top reading) and 60-90mmHg diastolic (bottom reading). High blood pressure is said to present if it is often at or above 140/90 mmHg. For most cases of mild to moderate hypertension there are no symptoms. The condition has earned the nickname the â€Å"silent killer† since the disease shows no symptoms until it progresses to a stage where permanent damage and severe problems such as heart attacks and strokes can occur. Some people with mild to moderate hypertension experience headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and shortness of breath. Other possible symptoms include irregular heartbeat, fatigue, and impotence. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Pressure Measurements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In severe cases of hypertension a person can experience painful headaches, confusion, hallucinations, vision problems, nausea, and vomiting. People may show signs of symptoms of hypertension without showing additional symptoms of underlying conditions. Because the majority of hypertension cases are primary, meaning that there is no clearly identifiable cause, an underlying condition such as kidney failure or tumors may go unnoticed unless other symptoms are present or unless the patient is required to undergo preventative testing. Hypertension affects certain demographic groups more than others. Studies reveal that the disease occurs at higher rates among populations of older African-American females. In general Hypertension 3 African-Americans are at higher risk for the disease. The reasons for this trend are generally unknown but might be related to diet lifestyle, and genetic factors. In the United States 41% of blacks have high blood pressure, as compared to 27% of whites. African-Americans develop the disease at younger ages than other groups in the United States and are more likely to develop complications associated with high blood pressure. People who experience high levels of stress are at risk for hypertension-related complications such as strokes and heart attacks. Stress related to work, family, and other factors can cause symptoms to become more severe. Other factors include smoking, increase in age, inactivity, high dietary salt and fat, excessive weight, low intake of potassium, having diabetes, and a family history of high blood pressure. Testing for hypertension is simple. Medical professionals recommend routine physicals once a year. Your doctor may not be able to diagnose your blood pressure based on one visit. If your blood pressure is high the doctor may ask you follow up questions to determine whether you have a family history of high blood pressure or whether you are experiencing symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, or nausea. You may need to come back to the doctor’s office several times over a period of weeks for follow up blood pressure checks. The blood pressure measurements need to be repeated in order to show accurate results. If your blood pressure is high and the doctor determines that hypertension is a possibility, then additional test may be necessary to check the condition of your organs including your heart and kidneys. You may need to undergo a urinalysis, ultrasound, and echocardiogram. The first line of therapy for people who are diagnose with hypertension Hypertension 4 are diuretics. If one drug does not work or is disagreeable, additional or alternative medications may be recommended. If your blood pressure is more than 20/10 higher points than it should be, your doctor may consider starting you on two drugs or placing you on a combination drug. If certain medical conditions exist such as diabetes your doctor is more likely to treat your hypertension using angiogenesis-converting enzyme (ACE). Physicians are using new methods of treating high blood pressure. Hypertension is the most common condition for which Americans take prescription medication. Physicians are currently prescribing fewer diuretics and beta blockers, the recommended first-line agents for hypertension, and more angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Although ACE inhibitors reduce rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease, the same cannot be said for CCBs, for which no similar morbidity/mortality data exist. Short-acting dihydropyridine CCBs should be avoided in the treatment of hypertension, and other CCBs should be added to the regimen only if control is not achieved with a beta blocker, diuretic, and/or ACE inhibitor. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) involved 33,357 men and women older than 55 years with hypertension and at least one other risk factor for ischemic heart disease. Participants were randomized to treatment with a CCB (amlodipine), a diuretic (chlorthalidone), or an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril), with a mean follow-up time of 4. 9 years. The results demonstrated that the thiazide diuretic chlorthalidone was superior to the other medications in preventing nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart Hypertension 5  failure, and was significantly less expensive. However, patients with hypertension can now try a new and effective whole-food approach known as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. The DASH diet is high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, fish, poultry, and low-fat dairy products, which results in a diet high in calcium, potassium, and magnesium. The diet is low in red meat, sugar, fat, and cholesterol. The DASH diet lowers blood pressure more than sodium restriction alone. Furthermore, a combination of the DASH diet and sodium restriction lowers blood pressure more in patients with hypertension than in those without hypertension. Thus, it seems that patients with hypertension should follow the DASH diet in addition to reducing sodium intake. With annual check-ups and blood pressure screening people who develop hypertension can be treated with medications, change in diet, and exercise. With these three modification they can live a normal life, the key is detection. Famous people such as singers Natalie Cole and Toni Braxton have been living with hypertension for years. Curly Howard of the Three Stooges had hypertension after gaining a lot of weight. Unfortunately modern drugs for treatment were not available in the early forties for him or President Roosevelt. Curly Howard had a stroke that ended his career. If you have hypertension or develop complications from the disease you can be treated at Scotland Memorial Hospital or the Urgent Care adjacent to the hospital.

13 beneficios por entrar al Ejército de Estados Unidos

13 beneficios por entrar al Ejà ©rcito de Estados Unidos Entrar  en cualquiera de las ramas del Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos lleva aparejado, adems del sueldo, una serie de beneficios y, en ocasiones, incentivos suculentos. Este es un asunto de interà ©s para los latinos, nacidos ya en Estados Unidos o migrantes, porque cada vez ms un mayor nà ºmero se alista para a servir en cualquiera de las ramas del Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos. En la actualidad son el 14 por ciento del total de militares en servicio activo, pero la cifra sube al 16 por ciento si se cuentan sà ³lo las nuevas incorporaciones. Y es que el Ejà ©rcito en todas sus ramas –Army (Tierra y Guardia Nacional), Navy (Marina), Air Force (Aire), Coast Guard (Guardia Costera) y Marine Corps (Marines)  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ parece  como una buena alternativa para labrarse un futuro. Las estadà ­sticas indican que esta opcià ³n resulta incluso un poco ms atractiva para las latinas que para los varones hispanos. En la actualidad. el Ejà ©rcito de Estados Unidos es el tercero mayor del mundo en cuanto a personal, solamente despuà ©s de los de China e India. Tiene un total 1.281.900 millones de soldados y oficiales en servicio activo y 801.200 en las 7 Reservas. A todos aplica una serie de beneficios y, en algunos casos, notables incentivos. 13 beneficios por ingresar al Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos Los beneficios son para todos los miembros, aunque algunos especà ­ficos pueden variar segà ºn la rama en la que se ingresa y son los siguientes: 1. Educacià ³n. Existen varios caminos que permiten a los miembros del Ejà ©rcito cursar  estudios universitarios mientras forman parte activa del Army o incluso si se realizan dentro de los 10 aà ±os siguientes a la finalizacià ³n de la relacià ³n con el Ejà ©rcito.   Los programas que permiten esta educacià ³n son: GI Bill, Tuitition Assistance, College Reimbursement Plants e incluso la obtencià ³n de crà ©ditos universitarios por entrenamiento realizado en el Ejà ©rcito.   2. Vacaciones. Tanto soldados como oficiales pueden disfrutar cada aà ±o 30 dà ­as de vacaciones pagadas.   3. Promociones. Una vez que se est en el Ejà ©rcito es posible ascender de rango mediante promociones. Cuando mayor es el rango, mayor es el sueldo. Hay que tener en cuenta que cada una de las ramas militares tiene su propio sistema y que incluso se le puede llamar a los rangos de distinta manera. Sin embargo, el sueldo es igual para cada nivel, sin importa cà ³mo se le llame o si se trata de Marines, Marina (o naval), Aire, Guardia Costera o Tierra. 4. Seguro mà ©dico y dental. Est plenamente cubierto mientras se permanece en servicio activo. 5. Tiendas en las que no se pagan impuestos. Se llaman Commissaries o Exchanges. Existen tres tipos: AAFES, para Aire y Tierra, Nexcom para la Marina y el Marine Corps Exchange. Siempre supone un ahorro, particularmente con artà ­culos caros. 6. Actividades de Recreacià ³n, Moral y Bienestar. Es lo que se conoce como MWR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s. Son actividades que se brindan a los militares y a sus familias. Lo cierto es que son muy variadas y difieren notablemente entre las distintas bases y la rama del Ejà ©rcito en la que se sirve.   7. Inmigracià ³n. Servir en el Ejà ©rcito puede tener beneficios migratorios para la persona que se alista  y tambià ©n para sus familiares. Para el soldado u oficial, destacan la posibilidad de adquirir la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n en condiciones ventajosas, si se trata de un residente permanente. Adems, los familiares indocumentados de un ciudadano que sirve en el Ejà ©rcito podrà ­an beneficiarse del programa Parole in Place para obtener los papeles. Sin embargo, los migrantes indocumentados no deben, bajo ningà ºn concepto, buscar ingresar a una base militar. Se estn dando casos de arrestos y los migrantes quedan a disposicià ³n de las autoridades migratorias. Tener siempre presente quà © extranjeros se pueden alistar  en el Ejà ©rcito y que el programa MAVNI para profesionales extranjeros presentes legalmente en Estados Unidos est, en estos momentos, no activo. Adems, en ningà ºn caso, los migrantes indocumentados pueden enrolarse en ninguna de las ramas militares de Estados Unidos. La excepcià ³n que existà ­a para los muchachos con DACA aprobado llega a su fin con la terminacià ³n del programa por orden ejecutiva del presidente Donald Trump. 8. Bono por firmar, que en la actualidad tiene un mximo legal de $40.000. Es decir, en ningà ºn caso puede ser superior a esa cantidad. Los Marines y el Ejà ©rcito del Aire son los que menos incentivos al firmar ofrecen y, tambià ©n, los de menor monto. Sà ³lo el Ejà ©rcito de Tierra (Army) ha ofrecido incentivos por la cantidad mxima legal. Adems, puede haber bonos complementarios. Por ejemplo, en el Ejà ©rcito de Tierra se podrà ­a calificar para un bono extra por un mximo de $16.000 por incorporarse en menos de 30 dà ­as a partir de la fecha de enrolarse o un mximo de $8,000 por incorporarse entre el dà ­a 31 y el dà ­a 60 despuà ©s de haber firmado. Una à ºltima palabra sobre este tema: si no se cumple todo el periodo para el que se firmà ³ es obligatorio devolver la cantidad que corresponda al tiempo no servido. 9. Pago de prà ©stamo  a estudiante. Todos los servicios excepto los Marines y la Guarda Costera brindan la posibilidad de pagar todo o parte de los prà ©stamos estudiantiles. 10. Rango avanzado, o Advance Enlistment Rank para las personas que tienen crà ©ditos universitarios o han participado en programas como Junior ROTC en High School. 11. Programa Buddy, cuando dos personas del mismo sexo se enrolan juntas se les puede prometer a travà ©s de este programa que estarn juntas durante el entrenamiento bsico. Incluso si posteriormente entrenan para el mismo trabajo, tambià ©n se harà ­a conjuntamente. 12. Programa Split Option en el caso de Guardia Nacional o Reserva, para alargar en el tiempo el entrenamiento bsico.   13. Otros beneficios, como bonos por incorporarse a la reserva, reenganche en ocupaciones especiales, alistarse tras acabar los estudios secundarios, comprometerse a servir en activo por dos aà ±os seguidos por otros dos aà ±os en la reserva, etc. Dà ³nde informarse sobre los beneficios por servir en el Ejà ©rcito Cuando una persona se alista por primera vez o repite firma un contrato con el Departamento de Defensa que se conoce como Form 4/1. Si adems el alistamiento es para el servicio activo, se firmar, a mayores, otro contrato. Lo importante a destacar es que realmente no importa lo que haya prometido el reclutador, si no est en el contrato, no existe. La à ºnica excepcià ³n son los beneficios que se explicaron anteriormente que le corresponden a todas las personas por servir en el Ejà ©rcito: seguro mà ©dico, salario base, GI Bill, alimentos, etc. Pero en el contrato final con el Departamento de Defensa tienen que estar especificados todos los dems posibles incentivos,  que son opcionales.   Quà © beneficios no se tienen por alistarse en el Ejà ©rcito Es muy comà ºn creer los siguientes 2 errores: En primer lugar, que se puede elegir el servicio. Esto no es asà ­. Es cierto que se tendrn en cuenta las preferencias del soldado u oficial pero al final se acabar en el servicio que decide el Ejà ©rcito. Y en segundo lugar, no es correcta la creencia de que los veteranos que en el pasado sirvieron en el Ejà ©rcito tienen cubierto al 100 por cien el seguro mà ©dico. Esto no es asà ­ aunque son muchos los reclutadores que asà ­ lo manifiestan.   A tener en cuenta sobre el Servicio Selectivo En la actualidad, servir en el Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos es voluntario, es decir, no hay obligacià ³n de prestar el servicio militar.   Sin embargo, todos varones ciudadanos e inmigrantes entre los 18 y los 25 aà ±os de edad sà ­ que deben registrarse para el Servicio Selectivo. Esto afecta a grupos tan variados como los indocumentados presentes en Estados Unidos como a los ciudadanos estadounidenses que residen habitualmente en otro paà ­s.   Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

An Investigation of Customers on Branding - A Case Study of Samsung Essay

An Investigation of Customers on Branding - A Case Study of Samsung - Essay Example Suppliers and retailers alike should be able to let their consumers notice their products and services, and correspondingly develop their interest in these offerings (Zielke and Dobbelstein 2007). Trying the product is critical towards the path to satisfaction and for developing their preference of the brand; the latter develops loyalty behaviour towards the company and their goods. Given this process, the first trial of a brand plays a particularly critical part. From an organisation’s point of view, knowledge and understanding of the factors that determine the willingness of customers to purchase a particular brand is necessary for product or service development (Zielke and Dobbelstein 2007). Majority of the research about brands have focused on understanding the influences of brand awareness and image (Keller 1993). Other studies have delved into the ways with which customer experiences can be developed (Berry 2000; Vargo and Lusch 2004). Knowing one’s consumer is a primary principle of brand management and marketing. Consumers, however, are not fixed targets owing to the fact that they often change their needs and preferences(Zielke and Dobbelstein 2007). Moreover, existing customers of a brand likewise change their habits on purchasing and consumption. In addition, new customers come into the market with their personal needs, preferences and characteristics (Corstjens and Lal 2000). Given all these, this era has taken a more customer-oriented approach to commerce, implying that changes on customer attitudes towards brands are to be expected. The ways with which brands are developed and managed shall correspondingly change in the coming years (Zielke and Dobbelstein 2007). Customer-centric commerce alter the transactions between companies and individuals, resulting in a relationship that is mutually beneficial to both parties. Since it is necessary that companies be able to identify the needs and preferences of customers to develop and customize their brands in a way that will provide satisfactory experiences among consumers.

Brand Management of Video Game Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Brand Management of Video Game Industry - Essay Example For this assignment, various marketing reviews were researched upon. Scholarly articles and textbooks were researched for concepts of Brand Positioning, Product Design, Building Brand Equity and Nintendo’s strategies of Wii were analyzed in the light of the latter. In order to analyze the branding strategies of Wii, I used the concept and applications of Disruptive Strategy to see where Nintendo has positioned its Wii. This concept is also known as the â€Å"Blue Ocean† strategy where the brand is positioned in the virgin space or spot in the market which hasn’t been targeted by the competition yet. On the basis of that, Nintendo targeted the market of former gamers or non-gamers who were not habitual gamers but did play games produced in Flash or other computer games like Solitaire. Besides the brand positioning of Nintendo’s Wii, I also studied the product design of Wii in the light of the competitors’ products, Play station 3 and Xbox. This also helps Nintendo’s Wii to become more of a family brand where an adult or a non-gamer can give a fair competition to a hardcore player in the family belonging to the ideal gamer demographic profile of aged 18 – 35 years. As far as the pricing is concerned, Wii was targeted for the down-market in the game console industry. This meant that Nintendo had to push the prices down in order to attract more consumers. Its advertising and promotional strategies helped Wii to become the most selling brand during Christmas time and especially amongst families who preferred to own only one of all the consoles in the market which lead them to purchase Nintendo’s Wii. In the short-run, Nintendo did capture the market with its unique design, price and going down-market strategy but in the medium-run Nintendo was planning to go in direct competition with the other up-market brands namely Sony’s Play Station and Microsoft’s Xbox. What these major players failed to rea lize was that Nintendo was positioned just as a casual gaming brand whereas Nintendo did not only wish to stay with the family positioning as it believed that there was no casual gamer and that only non-gamer-or-former gamer existed which made Nintendo see a huge potential beyond the down-market’s easy gamers market. With a long-term plan in consideration, when Nintendo established its brand of Wii in the down-market, it then moved into the up markets which were being catered and ruled by Sony’s Play Station and Microsoft’s Xbox.

Side Effects of Chemical Based Beauty Products

Side Effects of Chemical Based Beauty Products A growing concern over side effects of chemical-based products for enhancing ones’ beauty has resulted in the consumers’ shift to ayurvedic beauty products. Many companies have entered the beauty segment with branded products in categories such as skin care, hair care, soaps and essential oils. India is capturing the mainstream cosmetics industry and capitalizing on Ayurveda. Itincludes various high end brands creating makeup shades (based on the country’s bright colors) to skin- and hair-care segments. Indian herbs and Ayurveda products are being sourced and tested for use in the cosmetics industry and beauty parlours. Ayurvedic natural cosmetics business of India is growing at the rate of 15-20% per year- much higher than India’s overall cosmetics business that has a growth rate of 7-8%. Yoga is a mind and body practice with historical origins in ancient Indian philosophy. Various styles of yoga typically combine physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation or relaxation.Practicing yoga might improve quality of life; reduce stress and hence improve overall physical fitness and appearance. Naturopathy includes a range of therapies based on exposure to natural elements such as sunshine, fresh air, heat, or cold, nutrition. The treatment modalities include nutrition and dietary changes (eating more whole and unprocessed foods) and use of vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements, herbal medicines. Hydrotherapy, physical medicine (therapeutic massage and joint manipulation), exercise therapy and lifestyle counseling are other aspects of naturopathy Unani and Sidha are traditional Indian medicinal systems and chiefly use herbal remedies, dietary and lifestyle modifications. There are few indexed studies demonstrating efficacy of polyherbal Unani formulations in acne vulgaris. Homeopathy was developed by Samuel Hahnemann, a German physician. It is based on the law of similars and the law of infinitesimals. The first doctrine is simili similibus curenti that is the symptoms caused by a drug in healthy person, will cure similar symptoms. The second doctrine is that the appropriate drug has to be given in high dilutions, and that the higher the dilution, the greater the effect; and is termed as potentiation. Modern physics and chemistry have shown that some of the dilutions used in homeopathy may be so high that no molecule of the original substance will remain in the preparation. However, the â€Å"essence† of the original substance is considered to remain in the preparation and a â€Å"memory of water† has been postulated. Homeopathic remedies include substances derived from plants, minerals, or animals. Examples are red onion, arnica (mountain herb), crushed whole bees, white arsenic, poison ivy, belladonna and stinging nettle. The remedies are formulated as sugar pellets to be placed under the tongue; other forms, such as ointments, gels, drops, creams, and tablets are also available. Homeopaths generally begin with detailed examinations of their patients histories, including questions regarding their physical, mental and emotional states, their life circumstances and any physical or emotional illnesses. The homeopath then attempts to translate this information into a complex formula of mental and physical symptoms, including likes, dislikes, innate predispositions and even body type. There is no specific drug for disease as in case of modern medicine but collective understanding of patient’s symptom complex and the selection of drug from material medica. There are various â€Å"miASMS’ envisaged and understanding them and, the defect in constitution ultimately leads to the selection of remedy. Themiasms are as follows Psoric, sycotic, syphilitic and tubercular. The homeopathy practitioner chooses how to treat the patient based on the inner physical and mental stress, personality, the symptoms, miasms, individual constitution, personal and family hi story. Homeopathy is being used in various dermatological diseases including infections such as warts, abscesses; chronic conditions such as acne, psoriasis, rosacea, various forms of eczema, etc. Though homeopathy claims to be beneficial in a variety of chronic cutaneous diseases, a review of various trials of homeopathic treatment did not find evidence for any single dermatological condition. The outcome of a therapeutic measure may be due to a placebo effect, the medical intervention or by the natural course of the disease resulting in recovery by the patient. In cosmetic dermatology, homeopathy attempts to alter the patients’ mindset towards changes in beauty and appearance and its perception. In any disfigurement perceived, the cosmetic enhancement needed will be balanced by homeopathic principle of correcting mental and physical disturbances and correcting the miasms which are responsible for various cosmetic problems such as pigmentation, acne, aging, hair loss or exce ss body hair. Homeopathy may be considered as an effective method of communication and counseling for various chronic diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners use herbal medicines and various mind and body practices (tai chi and qi gong), and acupuncture. The fundamental treatment techniques in acupuncture are either needling, heat, moxibustion, suction or cupping, and pressure (acupressure). Acupuncture techniques have been used in various dermatological conditions including acne and melasma. Its use in cosmetology is now gaining popularity.Facial cosmetic acupuncture is applied to the head, face, and neck and showed improvement in facial elasticity in a pilot study. Aromatherapy is a subset of the  biological  or nature-based  therapies. It consists of therapeutic use of volatile, aromatic essential oils extracted from plants. It has similarities to other forms of herbal medicines; the major difference between them is that, in the former, essential oils are extra cted from parts of the plant, whereas the whole plant is used in herbal medicines. Aromatic forms of medicine have been used traditionally for spiritual, medicinal, social, and beauty purposes. The effects of aromatherapy are believed to result from the binding of chemical components in the essential oil to receptors in the olfactory bulb, impacting the brain’s emotional center, the limbic system. Topical application of aromatic oils may exert antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The essential oils are usually diluted in carrier oils. The essential oils may be extracted from different part of plants such as the leaves (eucalyptus, peppermint), flowers (lavender, rose), twigs (juniper), wood (sandalwood), roots (vetivert, calamus), sap (benzoin, frankincense), and grasses (palmarosa grass, lemongrass). The major chemical components of essential oils include terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oxides. Oils high in ketones are known for their wound-healing properties, such as Helichrysmitalicum (everlasting flower) whereas oils high in alcohols are renowned for their antimicrobial and anti-infectious properties (e.g., Melaleucaalternifolia terpinen-4-ol, tea tree). Two lavenders, Lavandula angustifoliaand Lavandula latifolia are high in alcohols, terpenes, and oxides and are noted for their effects in the rapid healing of burns, without scarring or infections. The carrier oils, such as avocado oil, wheat germ oil, sweet almond oil, evening primrose oil, and coconut oil, also have some pharmac ologic activities. The oils may be applied externally in the following ways: therapeutic massage, mixed with a plain vegetable oil, via a compress , as a topical wound dressing, mixed in a gel or paste , as a spray , in a bath , or as an inhalation therapy. Essential oil may be ingredient of gargles and mouthwashes. The internal use of essential oils is very rare. The cosmetic and perfume industry are the largest users of essential oils. Although high-quality evidence of effectiveness and safety for aromatherapy in the cosmetic dermatology field is lacking, few studies are now being reported. Plant-derived essential oils may be a biologically plausible treatment for acne and is being researched. Lavender aromatherapy’s potential to ease anxiety in patients undergoing minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures has been demonstrated. Positive biologic effect on hair loss and hair regrowth of a pulsed electromagnetic field in combination with essential oils in cases of androg enic alopecia has been demonstrated. Skin appearance affects the self-image via the central nervous system, whereas autonomic, psychoneuro-immunologic, and behavioral factors interact to affect the skin appearance. Psychological counseling and various techniques such as meditation, relaxation, hypnosis, biofeedback and other methods of stress management benefit cosmetic problems such as hair loss, rosacea, aging signs and acne. These techniques also help to reduce anxiety, needle phobia, and pain during various cosmetic and dermatosurgical procedures. The medical spa concept is new and gradually capturing the beauty and wellness market in India. In a medical or dermatology spa (spa environment within a cosmetic set up), the clients avail of treatments and services which have medicinal value and long lasting aesthetic benefits. It can be considered as a blend of medical and aesthetic services offered at a one stop shopping environment. CAM practices such as nutrition/ dietary supplem ents, massage therapy, aromatherapy are employed for skin rejuvenation and integrated within a cosmetic dermatology set up. Though CAM methods are considered safe and free from side- effects, these can cause adverse reactions. As there are no molecular targets available for most of the traditional medicine, it is difficult to assure their safety. The alternate or traditional medicines may contain heavy metals, toxins, allergens which can cause damage to the skin and/or internal organs.Oral herbal medications may be adulterated with steroids, heavy metals, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, diuretics, etc. Chinese herbal creams may be adulterated with corticosteroids. Allergic contact dermatitis and photosensitization are common. Both type I and Type IV hypersensitivity reactions have been documented with Ayurvedic oil (Dhanwantaratailam) application. Hepatotoxicity may be seen with commonly used herbal products, such as Ayurvedic and Chinese herbs, green tea, etc. There is a high use of CAM among cosmetic surgery patients along with increasing reports of hematomas associated with herbal and homeopathic medicines. The most common adverse effects with homeopathy were allergic reactions and intoxications. Heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and iron which are used in homeopathy can be toxic. Rhus toxidendron was a frequent cause of adverse reactions. Essential oils used in aromatherapy may be toxic if used inappropriately in the hands of unqualified personnel. Potential hazards from essential oils exist due to their chemical constituents. High proportions of aldehydes and phenols can cause irritant dermatitis; ketones can cause neurotoxicity; potentially carcinogenic components include safrole in sas safras oil or beta-asarone in calamus oil. Phototoxicity, allergic contact dermatitis and airborne contact dermatitis have been reported with aromatherapy. Adulteration in oils can cause dermocaustic reactions, neurotoxicity or have an abortive potential. In the field of CAM, it is difficult for science to catch up to practice due to the lack of funding for appropriate studies. In contrast, it also becomes difficult for practice to catch up to science as new information is discovered. It is also difficult to conduct randomized control trials to demonstrate the efficacy since most CAM therapies are individualized. However, qualitative research is gaining momentum in the field of CAM. The scientific evidence for a CAM product or practice (with respect to safety and efficacy) can be accessed by the literature reviews published in last 5 years in the form of systematic reviews or meta-analysis or randomized controlled trials; and has been made accessible by NCCAM. The Department of Heal th Research, Government of India has also developed a policy for studies on Ayurveda and other traditional medicines. CAM methods are commonly used in our population. Herbal medicines and natural products are an integral part of CAM and the use of botanicals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals are an integral part of cosmetic dermatology practice. Thus a cosmetic dermatologist can be inclined to incorporate CAM in clinical practice to address the patient care needs. However, he/she should have a proper knowledge and experience with specific CAM treatments. In addition, further research into the efficacy, benefits, and risks of CAM methods should be undertaken for a better insight. CAM methods are popular and are commonly used by aesthetic patients to enhance their skin health, beauty and youth. Hence a cosmetic dermatologist needs to be aware of the various CAM practices.The major traditional Indian healthcare system includes AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and H omoeopathy).

The Autobiography of Malcolm X :: Malcolm X Civil Rights American History Essays

The Autobiography of Malcolm X Malcolm Little was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. At the time of his birth, Malcolm's father was a Baptist Minister. His mom was a writer of Marcus Garvey. Before he was born, his father had 3 children with his previous marriage and 3 before him with his mom. Malcolm's father played a big role in scripting his life from early childhood by the beliefs that he carried and gave to the children by Garvey's teachings . He taught Malcolm to be a very strong man to be able to provide for himself without any help. Marcus Garvey was the founder of the U.N.I.A (Universal Negro Improvement Association) which was to raise the banner of black race purity and exhorting the negro masses to return to their ancestral African homeland. The Ku Klux Klan was a big threat to Malcolm's family so it forced them to move around quite a bit. Then suddenly one day, Malcolm's mother and father got into a big dispute that forced Malcolm's father to go out and take a walk to clear his head. Malcolm's mom felt very strange and uncomfortable about it. So before he had gone to far, she tried to catch up with him and tell him that she had a bad feeling and for him to come home. So later on that night two policemen came to their house to inform the family that Malcolm's father had been killed by an train cart. The accident was speculated because it was said that he was forced under the cart for it to hit him by the Klan. This whole ordeal had an very negative impact upon Malcolm's life growing up. After the father's death, the family was forced to be put on welfare. This was very hard for the kids and especially the mother to accept because they were use to the father being the provider, and it went against everything that they were taught by their father. They had welfare personnel coming by to check up on them very often. The mother felt so helpless and was unable to provide and care for the kids like she used to. It was even harder to try to discipline the kids without the father there to enforce the punishments.

Public Document Analysis

English 1010 Public Document Analysis Frosh Camp 2012 advertisement This document, titled Frosh Camp @ Camp NaCoMe, has multiple different features and lots of information. The title itself is formatted in a certain way for a reason. The words â€Å"Frosh Camp† are very bold and in Memphis blue; whereas the words â€Å"@ Camp NaCoMe† are in grey and much less bold. The author of this document made it this way because Frosh Camp is the main subject and is meant to be more noticed than the location of the camp. Because the background of the main part of the advertisement is white, the blue stands out even more.Besides the title, the first thing you notice is the two large pictures in the foreground at the top of the page. These pictures show Frosh Camp campers in 1994 and 2012. They are inside a green circle to represent a fun atmosphere verses placing the pictures in the standard square. In the background there are a few, big light blue polka dots the author placed just to add a little more fun and color to the page. The 2012 picture shows people of all different types and ethnicities. With an audience of University of Memphis 2012 freshman, this is a very good thing to show because people won’t worry about fitting in.Next, your eyes guide to the text underneath. With the words â€Å"You†, â€Å"hundred years†, and â€Å"never forget† being bolded in the sentence, that alone makes you curious about the camp. After viewing the top of the document, one may notice the vertical, royal blue, rectangular box on the right side of the page. The foreground of this box contains all information about when the three sessions are and a few pictures and quotes of and from previous campers. The background has a few large light blue and green polka dots also to add a more gratifying feel to the advertisement.The pictures, also placed in green bordered circles, show previous campers enjoying camp and having fun. The first picture, top le ft, is of a girl participating in the cardboard box boat race. The author chose this picture because this is one of the activities Frosh Camp is famous for. Each cabin puts together a boat with only cardboard, duct tape, and spray paint. In order to win they must go across the river and back with two people in the boat, and finish first! The picture diagonally to the right of it is of a boy and a girl dressed up for one of the theme nights.This picture not only shows a fun activity but the feel of developed friendship. Many incoming freshman are concerned about making friends in college and this picture is a good example of friendship. Also, authors post very diverse pictures in these types of situations so that they appeal to a wider range of people. The last picture is of multiple campers yelling a chant. Many freshmen that think about signing up are nervous to experience the atmosphere. This was a great picture to represent the care free and fun atmosphere that frosh camp has.Eve ryone participates and no one judges you for it. The quotes, almost considered as in the background, are all positive statements said by former campers. They express all things, from their great experience to the helpful thing they learned while they were there. Quotes from others are always a good source to use when it comes to persuasion. Lastly, at the top of the box, is the session information. This just tells the dates of the different camp sessions. The author chose to use a bold and white text for this information to contrast with the royal blue background in the box.One can always find important information by how the text is written. The rest of the titles, on the main part of the document, are also very noticeable because of how they are formatted. They, on a blank background, are bolded green titles that state frequently asked questions using the what, when, where, and why scheme. The answers, placed underneath the questions, are noticeably answered by a prior camper. Jus t by reading them you can tell how they feel about the camp; which you can’t do without attending it. The frosh camp experience is definitely something that every freshman should experience.The page answers all basic questions one would have about the camp very adequately. The author also successfully presents the purpose. All the titles make it very easy to point it out and understand. On the far left side of the page is a menu bar that has a list of tabs you can click on to find out any information not already shown on the main document. It has things like registration, what to bring, directions, pictures, and videos. The more types of ways to show the camp, the more people will sign up. Some people don’t notice but everyone has different types of things that appeal or interest them.In order to get convinced, some people may just want to read about it and learn the facts; whereas others may feel that just watching a video is enough for them. Underneath the menu bar i s the same standard links that are on every page on the Universities website. Lastly, on the bottom of the page it has all the standard required information for the site and some social networking links to the University of Memphis’ page within them. This is good because people that normally wouldn’t come across the advertisement, have a better chance of seeing it.I personally came across this document during new student orientation. After reading it, I was ready to sign up and be a part of the hundreds of other freshman that already had. It really explains frosh camp without going too far into detail. When information gets too long, especially with upcoming college freshman as the audience, most of it goes unread. Furthermore, it is organized so that information needed to be found by someone is easy to find and access. Looking at this advertisement now that I have attended the camp, I can really appreciate the authors work. http://www. memphis. edu/froshcamp/froshcamp . php

The First Major Discoveries That Laid The Foundation For...

The first major discoveries that laid the foundation for technological advances in the world of vaccinations were that of Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur. In 1796, Jenner took on smallpox. He had been informed that milkmaids seemed to be immune to the disease, however, upon further inspection he realized that the women all had a lesser form of smallpox, called cowpox, on their hands. He began to theorize that cowpox played a role as to why the women never contracted the deadly disease. To test his theory, he rubbed pus from a cowpox wound into a laceration of a young boy and then exposed him to smallpox. Weeks later, the boy still hadn’t contracted the more lethal disease, smallpox. He called this a vaccine, however, he had no idea as to why this was or what the connection was between the two diseases. As such, people of this age were skeptical to test the new vaccine. In 1885, Louis Pasteur decided to take on rabies. 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